Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Italian cavolfiore
← Italian cavolo (affix)
← Italian fiore (affix)

→ English cauliflower (cognate)
→ German Karfiol (borrowed)
→ Hungarian karfiol (derived)
→ Ido florkaulo (calque)
→ Dutch bloemkool (calque)
→ Dutch bloemkool (derived)
→ Yiddish קאַליפֿיאָר (derived)