Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
vöxtur
←
Proto-Germanic
*wahstuz
(inherited)
←
Old Norse
vǫxtr
(inherited)
→
English
waist
(cognate)
→
Icelandic
vaxtarrækt
(compound)
→
Icelandic
vaxtahækkun
(affix)