Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
hattur
←
Proto-Germanic
*hattuz
(inherited)
←
Old Norse
hǫttr
(inherited)
→
English
hat
(cognate)
→
Icelandic
pípuhattur
(compound)
→
Icelandic
sólhattur
(affix)