Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Icelandic flag
Proto-Germanic *flaką (derived)
Proto-Germanic *plaggą (cognate)
Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (derived)
Old Norse flag (derived)
Old Norse flaga (mention)

English flag (cognate)
Icelandic flagasef (affix)
Icelandic flagahnoðri (affix)
Icelandic flagasóley (affix)