Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
-ur
←
Proto-Indo-European
*-s
(inherited)
←
Old Norse
-r
(inherited)
←
Old Norse
-ur
(inherited)
→
Icelandic
áfengur
(affix)
→
Latin
-us
(cognate)