Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Indo-European
*n̥-th₂g-ro-
→
Spanish
entero
(derived)
→
Italian
intero
(derived)
→
Portuguese
inteiro
(derived)
→
Romanian
întreg
(derived)