Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Indo-European
*mregʰ-
→
English
brain
(root)
→
English
brain
(derived)
→
Ancient Greek
βρέχω
(mention)
→
Ancient Greek
βρέγμα
(inherited)