Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Indo-European
*kʷetwr̥̄ḱomt
→
Cebuano
kwarenta
(derived)
→
Greek
σαράντα
(inherited)
→
Ancient Greek
τεσσαράκοντα
(inherited)
→
Latin
quadraginta unus
(cognate)