Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-West Germanic *baþ

→ English bath (inherited)
→ Old English bæþ (inherited)
→ German Bad (inherited)
→ Middle English bath (inherited)
→ Hunsrik Baad (inherited)
→ Luxembourgish Bad (inherited)
→ Polish bad (derived)