Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Proto-Germanic *erpaz

→ English Earp (derived)
→ Old English eorp (inherited)
→ Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᚨᚠᚨᛉ (derived)
→ Old High German erpf (inherited)
→ Ancient Greek ὄρφνη (cognate)
→ Old Norse jarpr (inherited)
→ Swedish järv (derived)