Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Scottish Gaelic seun
English sain (cognate)
Latin signum (derived)
Scots sain (cognate)
Old Irish sén (inherited)

English sain (cognate)
Scottish Gaelic mì-sheun (prefix)
Scots sain (cognate)