Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Scottish Gaelic
seun
←
English
sain
(cognate)
←
Latin
signum
(derived)
←
Scots
sain
(cognate)
←
Old Irish
sén
(inherited)
→
English
sain
(cognate)
→
Scottish Gaelic
mì-sheun
(prefix)
→
Scots
sain
(cognate)