Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Irish
gual
←
English
coal
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gʷol-
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ǵwelH-
(mention)
←
Old Irish
gúal
(inherited)
→
Persian
زغال
(cognate)
→
Irish
gualmhianach
(affix)
→
Irish
clochghual
(affix)
→
Irish
gualach
(mention)
→
Irish
gualaigh
(affix)