Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
French
alcazar
←
Arabic
قصر
(derived)
←
Spanish
alcázar
(borrowed)
←
French
château
(mention)
←
Latin
castrum
(derived)