←
Corsican esse (cognate)
←
Middle French estre (inherited)
←
Old French ester (inherited)
←
Old French estre (inherited)
←
Old French esmes (cognate)
←
Old French estre (mention)
←
Old French -oie (mention)
←
Old French -oies (mention)
←
Old French -oit (mention)
←
Franco-Provençal étre (cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (mention)
←
Latin sumus (inherited)
←
Occitan èsser (cognate)
←
Occitan estar (mention)
←
Bourguignon étre (cognate)
←
Champenois ètre (cognate)
→
English state (cognate)
→
Corsican esse (cognate)
→
Spanish estar (cognate)
→
Haitian Creole ye (mention)
→
Interlingua esser (derived)
→
Mauritian Creole devet (mention)
→
Vietnamese là (cognate)