Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Spanish
rato
←
Spanish
rata
(mention)
←
Proto-Germanic
*rattaz
(derived)
←
Latin
raptus
(derived)
→
Spanish
ratito
(suffix)
→
Spanish
desratizar
(affix)
→
Portuguese
rato
(cognate)