Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Spanish pino
← English pine (cognate)
← Proto-Indo-European *poi- (derived)
← Latin pīnus (inherited)

→ English pinnace (mention)
→ Spanish empinar (affix)
→ Spanish pinar (suffix)
→ Spanish picapinos (affix)