Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Spanish pierna
← Latin perna (inherited)
← Portuguese perna (cognate)

→ Asturian pierna (cognate)
→ Spanish piernudo (suffix)
→ Spanish piernita (affix)
→ Spanish piernón (affix)
→ Galician perna (cognate)
→ Italian perno (cognate)