Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Spanish
excavar
←
Spanish
escavar
(doublet)
←
Latin
excavāre
(borrowed)
←
Latin
excavō
(mention)
→
Spanish
escavar
(doublet)
→
Spanish
excavador
(affix)