Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Spanish
caverna
←
English
cavern
(cognate)
←
Latin
caverna
(borrowed)
→
Spanish
cava
(link)
→
Spanish
cavernícola
(suffix)