Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Esperanto ĉefo
French chef (borrowed)
Old French chief (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *kauput- (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *kaput- (mention)
Proto-Italic *kaput (derived)
Latin caput (derived)

Esperanto ĉefi (affix)
Esperanto ĉefino (affix)
Ido chefo (derived)