Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Middle English swayn
Old English sweġen (inherited)
Middle English swon (doublet)
Proto-Germanic *swainaz (derived)
Old Norse sveinn (derived)

English swain (inherited)
Middle English cokswain (affix)
Middle English swon (doublet)