Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Middle English
Chestre
←
Old English
Ceaster
(inherited)
←
Old English
ceaster
(mention)
←
Latin
castrum
(derived)
→
English
Chester
(inherited)