Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Middle English
Carlele
←
Old English
Carlēol
(inherited)
←
Old Welsh
Caer Lualid
(derived)
→
English
Carlisle
(inherited)