Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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English phalanx
English plank (doublet)
Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (borrowed)
Latin phalanx (borrowed)

English Falange (mention)
English hyperphalangy (prefix)
English hypophalangy (prefix)
English interphalanx (prefix)
English brachymesophalangia (affix)
English mesophalanx (prefix)
Dutch falanx (cognate)