Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
penitentiary
←
Middle English
penitentiary
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*peh₁-
(root)
←
Latin
paenitentia
(derived)
→
English
pen
(mention)
→
English
penitentiaryship
(suffix)