Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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English jarl
Old English eorl (cognate)
English earl (doublet)
Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (derived)
Old Norse jarl (borrowed)

English jarldom (suffix)
English jarlship (suffix)