Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
jarl
←
Old English
eorl
(cognate)
←
English
earl
(doublet)
←
Proto-Norse
ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ
(derived)
←
Old Norse
jarl
(borrowed)
→
English
jarldom
(suffix)
→
English
jarlship
(suffix)