Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
cudgel
←
Old English
cyċġel
(inherited)
←
Middle Dutch
coghele
(cognate)
←
English
cog
(suffix)
←
English
-el
(suffix)
←
Middle English
kuggel
(inherited)
←
Proto-Germanic
*kuggilaz
(inherited)
←
Proto-Germanic
*kuggǭ
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gewgʰ-
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gew-
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gū-
(mention)
→
English
staff
(link)
→
English
cudgeler
(suffix)
→
English
becudgel
(prefix)
→
English
cudgeller
(suffix)
→
Danish
kugle
(cognate)
→
German
Kugel
(cognate)