Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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English cudgel
Old English cyċġel (inherited)
Middle Dutch coghele (cognate)
English cog (suffix)
English -el (suffix)
Middle English kuggel (inherited)
Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (inherited)
Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *gew- (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *gū- (mention)

English staff (link)
English cudgeler (suffix)
English becudgel (prefix)
English cudgeller (suffix)
Danish kugle (cognate)
German Kugel (cognate)