Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
English by-
← Old English bī- (derived)
← Danish by (cognate)
← German be- (cognate)
← English bower (link)
← English bylaw (mention)
← English by (mention)
← English bystander (mention)
← English bypass (mention)
← English by-product (mention)
← English byform (mention)
← English by-path (mention)
← Middle English by (inherited)
← Middle English bi- (derived)
← Middle English by- (mention)
← Proto-Germanic *būwiz (derived)
← Proto-Germanic *bi- (derived)
← Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (root)
← Dutch be- (cognate)
← Old Norse býr (derived)

→ English byproduct (affix)
→ English byroad (affix)
→ English byname (affix)
→ English bispel (mention)
→ English byflow (affix)
→ English by-pass (affix)
→ Luxembourgish bäi- (cognate)