Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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German Schurke
German schüren (cognate)
English shark (cognate)

English shark (derived)
English shirk (borrowed)
Danish skurk (cognate)
German Schurkenstaat (affix)
German Schurkerei (suffix)
German Superschurke (prefix)