Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Danish
regnbue
←
Danish
regn
(compound)
←
Danish
bue
(compound)
←
Proto-Germanic
*regnabugô
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰewgʰ-
(root)
←
Old Norse
regnbogi
(derived)
→
English
rainbow
(cognate)
→
Danish
regnbuefamilie
(affix)