Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Welsh pen
← Proto-Brythonic *penn (inherited)
← Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (inherited)
← Old Welsh penn (inherited)

→ English penguin (derived)
→ English pendragon (mention)
→ English Penarth (mention)
→ English Pendre (derived)
→ English Penderyn (derived)
→ Welsh ymennydd (compound)
→ Welsh penglog (compound)
→ Welsh penddu (compound)
→ Welsh pen-lin (affix)
→ Welsh pen-blwydd (affix)
→ Welsh pennaeth (affix)
→ Welsh pencenedl (affix)
→ Welsh erbyn (mention)
→ Welsh penelin (affix)
→ Welsh penderfynu (compound)
→ Welsh pentref (compound)
→ Welsh pentwr (affix)
→ Welsh penfelyn (affix)
→ Welsh penrhyn (affix)
→ Welsh penwythnos (affix)
→ Welsh gobennydd (affix)
→ Welsh pennod (affix)
→ Welsh Penbedw (compound)
→ Welsh cymen (mention)
→ Welsh penfras (compound)
→ Welsh pendrwm (affix)
→ Welsh pendrist (affix)
→ Welsh penisel (affix)
→ Welsh penbleth (affix)
→ Welsh pencampwr (affix)
→ Welsh arbennig (mention)
→ Welsh diben (affix)
→ Welsh pensaer (compound)
→ Welsh ar ben (mention)
→ Welsh pencnaw (affix)
→ Welsh penty (compound)
→ Irish ceann (cognate)
→ Scottish Gaelic ceann (cognate)
→ Portuguese pinguim (derived)
→ Old Irish cenn (cognate)