Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
gwala
←
Proto-Brythonic
*walɣ
(inherited)
←
Proto-Celtic
*wel-
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*welH-
(derived)
→
English
vulgar
(cognate)
→
Latin
vulgus
(mention)