Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
castell
←
Breton
kastell
(cognate)
←
Breton
kestell
(mention)
←
Proto-Brythonic
*kastell
(inherited)
←
Cornish
kastel
(cognate)
←
Latin
castellum
(derived)
←
Middle Welsh
castell
(inherited)
→
English
castle
(cognate)
→
Breton
kastell
(cognate)
→
Welsh
cas
(mention)
→
Welsh
Castell-nedd
(compound)