Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
carchar
←
Proto-Brythonic
*karxar
(inherited)
←
Cornish
carhar
(cognate)
←
Latin
carcer
(derived)
←
Middle Welsh
carchar
(inherited)
→
Welsh
carcharu
(suffix)