Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Celtic *iwos

→ Breton ivin (inherited)
→ Welsh yw (inherited)
→ French if (derived)
→ Old French if (derived)
→ Irish eo (inherited)
→ Norman if (derived)
→ Old Irish Í (derived)
→ Old Irish eó (inherited)