Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Celtic
*Lugus
→
English
Lugh
(derived)
→
English
Carlisle
(compound)
→
Welsh
Llywelyn
(inherited)
→
Irish
Lugh
(inherited)
→
Irish
Lughaidh
(compound)
→
Latin
Lugdunum
(cognate)
→
Primitive Irish
ᚂᚒᚌ
(inherited)
→
Old Irish
Lug
(inherited)
→
Old Irish
Lugaid
(compound)