Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
neula
←
Spanish
niebla
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*nébʰos
(derived)
←
Latin
nebula
(inherited)
←
Occitan
nèbla
(cognate)
←
Portuguese
névoa
(cognate)
→
Catalan
neulós
(affix)
→
Catalan
neulir
(affix)