Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
col
←
Ancient Greek
καυλός
(derived)
←
Latin
caulis
(inherited)
→
Catalan
caule
(doublet)
→
Catalan
colrave
(compound)