Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
cabdill
←
Catalan
cabdell
(doublet)
←
Spanish
cabdillo
(borrowed)
←
Spanish
caudillo
(mention)
←
Latin
caput
(derived)
→
Catalan
cabdell
(doublet)