Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Bengali
শর্করা
←
Proto-Indo-Iranian
*ćárkaraH
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-Aryan
*śárkaraH
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ḱorkeh₂
(derived)
←
Sanskrit
शर्करा
(learned borrowing)