Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Arabic
زعفران
←
Persian
جعفری
(cognate)
→
German
Safran
(derived)
→
Spanish
azafrán
(derived)
→
Old Spanish
açafran
(mention)
→
Portuguese
açafrão
(derived)