Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Arabic دِمَاغ

→ South Levantine Arabic دماغ (inherited)
→ Chagatai دماغ (borrowed)
→ Chagatai دماغ (borrowed(chg/fa))
→ Hindi दिमाग़ (borrowed)
→ Punjabi ਦਿਮਾਗ਼ (derived)
→ Phalura dimaáɣ (derived)
→ Rajasthani दिमाग (derived)
→ Urdu دماغ (mention)