Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Old English wæl
Proto-Germanic *walaz (inherited)
Old High German wal (cognate)
Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (derived)
Old Norse valr (cognate)
Old Saxon wal (cognate)

Old English wælniþ (affix)
Old English wælfyllo (affix)
Old English wælreow (affix)
Old English wælstow (compound)
Middle English wal (inherited)
Old Norse valr (cognate)