Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Old English stæf
← Proto-West Germanic *stab (inherited)
← Old High German stab (cognate)
← Old Norse stafr (cognate)

→ English staff (inherited)
→ English distaff (mention)
→ Old English stapol (cognate)
→ Old English arstafas (compound)
→ Old English bocstæf (compound)
→ Old English stæfrof (compound)
→ Old English stæfcræft (affix)
→ Old English stæflic (suffix)
→ Old English stæfgefeg (mention)
→ Old English stæfwis (affix)
→ Old English stæfwritere (affix)
→ Old English stæfleahter (compound)
→ Old English wyrdstæf (affix)
→ Old English stæfcræftiga (compound)
→ Middle English staf (inherited)
→ Middle English bocstaff (mention)
→ Middle English stefcreft (mention)
→ Old Norse stafr (cognate)
→ Old Frisian stef (cognate)
→ Albanian stap (cognate)
→ Albanian zhdëp (cognate)
→ Yola stheeves (inherited)