Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Avestan
𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀
←
Proto-Indo-Iranian
*aštamás
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*oḱtṓw
(derived)
←
Sanskrit
अष्टम
(cognate)
→
Sanskrit
अष्टम
(cognate)