Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Xhosa bulala
Proto-Bantu *-bʊ́daga (inherited)
Proto-Bantu *-bʊ́da (inherited)

Xhosa umbulali (affix)
Xhosa ukubulala (affix)
Xhosa ukuzibulala (affix)