Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Middle Welsh
barr
←
Proto-Celtic
*barros
(inherited)
←
Irish
barr
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰers-
(inherited)
→
Irish
barr
(cognate)
→
Scottish Gaelic
bàrr
(cognate)