Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Uyghur
خىتاي
←
Chagatai
خِطَایْ
(inherited)
←
English
Cathay
(cognate)
→
English
Kitai
(derived)
→
Latin
Kitai
(derived)