Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Turkic *jāĺ

→ Daur jaloo (cognate)
→ Ottoman Turkish یاشامق (inherited)
→ Dongxiang zhalao (derived)
→ Tuvan чаш (inherited)
→ Tuvan чаш (inherited)
→ Uzbek yashamoq (derived)