Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Swedish
vattenfall
←
Danish
vandfald
(cognate)
←
Old Norse
vatnfall
(derived)
←
Swedish
vatten
(compound)
←
Swedish
fall
(compound)
→
English
waterfall
(cognate)